Proje Adı

6 February 2023 Pazarcık 7.7 and 7.6 Mw Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Earthquakes, Determination of Structural Damage in Malatya Province using Web GIS

Destekleyen Kuruluş(lar)

TUBITAK 1002 - C Natural Disasters Focused Field Study Emergency Support Program

Proje Ekibi

Aşır Yüksel Kaya, İlhan Oğuz Akdemir, Fatih Adıgüzel, Murat Aydın, Aslı Deniz Adıgüzel.

Proje Özeti

This study, which aims to assess the effects of the earthquakes on the city of Malatya, focuses on the two major earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023: the 7.7 magnitude earthquake with its epicenter in Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) at 04:17:35 Turkey Time, and the 7.6 magnitude earthquake with its epicenter in Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) at 13:24:49. Using web map services, vector databases (GML) and raster images have been visualized and analyzed through Web GIS.

The process of creating the web map consists of three stages. In the first stage, an attribute database for urban structures in the study area was created. The information in the database was derived from field studies and data obtained from AFAD and the Malatya Metropolitan Municipality. After the earthquake, the structural characteristics of the buildings were examined based on their damage status.

The created database includes information such as building usage type, damage status, building permit details, number of floors, construction type, and post-disaster locations of container cities, tent areas, and gathering points. The collected spatial and attribute data were converted into Geographic Markup Language (GML) format. Then, these data were uploaded to ArcGIS Online via WFS services. In the second stage, after the spatial data was converted to the appropriate format, the GML files and WFS layers were uploaded as separate data layers in the web browser. To manage and query these data, the ArcGIS infrastructure was used. In this context, the Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) web application method was employed to query and edit spatial data. AJAX is not a new technology by itself, but a more efficient programming method that uses a combination of HTML, XML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript technologies (Chow, 2008). Users can retrieve and manipulate data from the web server without reloading the page by using JavaScript. The ArcGIS Server used in this study supports AJAX. This allows users to easily upload and query spatial data on servers.

In the third stage, GML and raster databases were overlapped in the ArcGIS Online environment. ArcGIS Online provides ready formats for visualizing points, lines, and polygons that represent spatial data. Essentially, Web GIS offers a holistic system that allows users to visualize, analyze, and publish data without coding, which is something that traditional GIS software can also do in a web environment. As a result, spatial data for 3,225 buildings in Malatya were uploaded to the ArcGIS Online platform, and web-based queries such as photo, building coefficient, parcel query, and usage type were visualized with web maps. Additionally, emergency gathering points, tent cities, their capacities, occupancy rates, and container city areas in the city were mapped.

To ensure the sustainability of the system and the continuity of the research, the same interface and a different user account were implemented for Malatya Metropolitan Municipality. Currently, GIS technologies are being actively used for effective disaster crisis management post-disaster. The study is not yet completed, and future projects and studies will be carried out based on the information and results obtained. The greatest outcome of this study has been the development of the idea and willpower to reduce the effects of the disaster through scientific data, with collaboration from various institutions and decision-makers. The first stage of the current situation assessment, which is the initial step for the reconstruction of settlements and disaster-resistant city planning, has been completed.

Proje Adı

The Effect of Urban Development Processes on Morphological Transformation in Slum Prevention Zones Peripheral Belt Formation and Changing Morphological Structure of Slum Areas in Mamak (Ankara)

Destekleyen Kuruluş(lar)

Firat University

Proje Ekibi

Aşır Yüksel Kaya, İlhan Oğuz Akdemir, Murat Aydın.

Proje Özeti

The project titled "The Effect of Urban Development Processes on Morphological Transformation in Squatter Prevention Areas" aims to identify the historical-geographical development of squatter areas, focusing on the scale of Ankara’s Mamak district. The research consists of two main stages.

In the first stage, the urbanization process of Ankara and the morphological processes that emerged as a result of this process were analyzed. In the second stage, the urban space transformation cycles in selected squatter areas within the boundaries of Mamak district were examined, and the cycle of transformation of urban space was explained. The study used the "Historical-Geographical" approach from urban morphology research to explain the transformation processes of urban space.

In the first part of the research, the urban development process of Ankara was studied within the broader context of urbanization. In the second part, the morphological transformation processes of the squatter areas in the Mutlu neighborhood were examined. In the research, an analysis was conducted at the scale of building blocks in the Mutlu neighborhood, revealing the emergence of different morphological regions in three distinct periods. These processes are as follows:

Accumulation Phase: In this phase, the first squatter settlements began to appear alongside the emergence of apartment buildings within Ankara’s urban development process.

Saturation Phase: In this stage, the urban space became fully occupied by squatter houses, covering public lands completely, with parcels and building blocks transforming in this way.

Peak Phase: This phase marks the period during which squatter areas were demolished and rebuilt through urban transformation projects, often involving "build-and-sell" contractors. This process occurred in two ways: In the first phase, squatter houses in parcels with high urban rent were demolished, and apartment buildings were constructed in their place. Multiple parcels with squatter houses were combined, and apartment complexes were built in exchange for a share of the construction. In the second phase, squatter areas on the outskirts of the city were redeveloped by TOKİ (Housing Development Administration of Turkey), with new parcels created and apartments built through urban transformation.

As a result, squatter areas that emerged during Ankara's urbanization process have gradually transitioned into apartment complexes through urban transformation projects. The research project has provided an explanation of the morphological transformation processes of squatter areas within the urban development process.